These establishments are allowed the flexibility to implement legal norms both towards or for member states and citizens in a manner which isn’t possible by way of public international law. As the European Court of Justice famous in its 1963 Van Gend en Loos determination, European Union law constitutes “a new authorized order of international law” for the mutual social and economic benefit of the member states. Until the 18th century, Sharia law was practiced throughout the Muslim world in a non-codified type, with the Ottoman Empire’s Mecelle code within the nineteenth century being a primary try at codifying parts …
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